LDAP

A lot of information on an AD domain can be obtained through LDAP. Most of the information can only be obtained with an authenticated bind but metadata (naming contexts, DNS server name, Domain Functional Level (DFL)) can be obtainable anonymously, even with anonymous binding disabled.

The ldeep (Python) tool can be used to enumerate essential information like delegations, gpo, groups, machines, pso, trusts, users, and so on.

# remotely dump information 
ldeep ldap -u "$USER" -p "$PASSWORD" -d "$DOMAIN" -s ldap://"$DC_IP" all "ldeepdump/$DOMAIN"

# parse saved information (in this case, enumerate trusts)
ldeep cache -d "ldeepdump" -p "$DOMAIN" trusts

NetExec (Python) also has useful modules that can be used to

• map information regarding AD-CS (Active Directory Certificate Services)
• show subnets listed in AD-SS (Active Directory Sites and Services)
• list the users description
• print the Machine Account Quota domain-level attribute's value

# list PKIs/CAs
nxc ldap "domain_controller" -d "domain" -u "user" -p "password" -M adcs

# list subnets referenced in AD-SS
nxc ldap "domain_controller" -d "domain" -u "user" -p "password" -M subnets

# machine account quota
nxc ldap "domain_controller" -d "domain" -u "user" -p "password" -M maq

# users description
nxc ldap "domain_controller" -d "domain" -u "user" -p "password" -M get-desc-users

The PowerShell equivalent to netexec's subnets modules is the following

[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest().Sites.Subnets

LDAP anonymous binding is usually disabled but it's worth checking. It could be handy to list the users and test for ASREProasting (since this attack needs no authentication).

Automation and scripting

• A more advanced LDAP enumeration can be carried out with BloodHound (see this).
• The enum4linux tool can also be used, among other things, for LDAP recon (see this).